If there is one topic that comes up over and over again, it is what is local, exactly. A tough one. I thought I would weigh in with my personal thoughts.
These are my opinions only. I thought they might be a good place to start. I am sure there are things on this list that people will call me out on, and probably even some things I will change my mind about by next year, but let's start here anyway.
I grew up on a very small family farm. We grew almost everything we ate, and canned and froze tons of stuff so that we could enjoy the bounty even in the winter. Of course, this is nearly impossible to do in the city, however I am very pleased by how many tiny urban gardens I have seen popping up recently. It seems as though every time I drive to work I see a new garden, snuggled next to a parking lot or in a front yard; there are even a few houses near me who have front yards full of squash instead grass.
A few years ago I took part in the Eat Local Challenge. Their rules stated that everything should come from within 100 miles. You could make exceptions, of course, if you couldn't live without coffee or chocolate. I took a compass and a map and drew a circle with a 100 mile radius from Columbus. I was very pleased to see that it nearly encompassed the whole state. I noticed that my CSA from Elizabeth Telling Farm was outside of the circle by about 22 miles. But I figured that if Sandy was willing to drive to Columbus to give me my CSA, she was local enough to me. This is how I arrived at my idea that "Local" meant "Ohio."
We Central Ohioans are very lucky to live in such a nice state, where even the farthest reaches are a pretty easy drive.
So. I personally consider anything from Ohio to be local.
Beyond that, I like to select things which are close - ie, a day's drive. Once again, we Ohioans are lucky to be a day's drive from about 50% of the country, which is what makes us such a successful place for distribution centers.
I like to find the best sources for great products from small businesses, such as Anson Mills. Anson Mills is about 9 hours away in Columbia, South Carolina. Founder Glenn Roberts is dedicated to resurrecting indigenous varieties of grains and beans which had nearly reached extinction. I believe a few of his seeds even came from museums. These days Mr. Roberts is even helping other organic farmers around the country grow their own nearly-extinct grains. I first discovered Anson Mills when I worked at G. Michael's, where Chef Tetzloff used their products (even before Thomas Keller did, thanks to his training in Charleston). Anson Mills' grits take forever to cook and are simply amazing. So is the Carolina Gold rice, which is incredibly versatile - it can act as a non-sticky long-grained rice or be stirred into a creamy risotto.
While Anson Mills isn't technically a local company, they are one of the closest sources of rice, and they are doing amazing things for heirloom grains. I will still buy locally-milled and grown cornmeal, of course, but I like to splurge on Anson Mills a few times a year. It was really nice when I worked in a restaurant where we always had about 4 30 pound bags of various types of cornmeal in our freezer.
Okay, now on to other things we can't make in Ohio. Such as Olive Oil. My go-to extra virgin olive oil is from Trader Joe's; it is an estate-bottled Organic oil from California.
And then we get to the needful things in life that we really, really can't get in Ohio. Or really in our country, for that matter. Coffee, for example. Personally, again, I like to support locally-owned, locally-roasted coffee places. That being said, I can be a complete hypocrite by frequenting evil evil Starbucks, although local spots like Crimson Cup are great for getting work done. For beans, I like Yeah Me Too in Clintonville and Stauf's in Grandview. I go to Yeah Me Too on Saturdays after the farmer's market, because they are on my way home.
For me personally, local always trumps organic for a few reasons. First of all, because I can, in theory, drive to the farm and see for myself how the workers and animals are treated. The same cannot be true for organic farms in Chile or even in Florida, where slavery - especially immigrants and children - runs rampant and organic standards are anything but. Secondly, organic certification takes a long time and is costly - although I read recently that there are FARRMS loans and grants to helping farm get or maintain their certification. Th rules for organic require a long period of observation (three years or more) of the farm before they can even apply; obviously they'll have to make money somehow during this process.
Furthermore, produce begins to lose nutrients as soon as it is picked, so the further it has to travel, and quicker it can go from the plant to my mouth, the better.
Again, I must reiterate that these are the guiding principles which work for me. I am not saying they can work for everyone, or that I follow them 100% of the time. Every once in awhile even I hit fast food or buy bananas, and of course there are certain products which simply can't be sourced locally. I love Japanese food, and frequently buy products from halfway around the world.
But these are my ideals.